Matter
-The stuff of which the universe is composed
-All matter has two characteristics
has mass
occupies space
-All matter has two characteristics
has mass
occupies space
3 States of Matter
Solid
-rigid; has fixed shape and volume
-molecules a tightly packed
Liquid
-has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container
-molecules close together but can move around
Gas
-Has no fixed volume or shape; takes the shape and volume of its container
-molecules are far apart and move randomly
http://www.pbs.org/teachers/connect/resources/5946/preview/
-rigid; has fixed shape and volume
-molecules a tightly packed
Liquid
-has a definite volume but takes the shape of its container
-molecules close together but can move around
Gas
-Has no fixed volume or shape; takes the shape and volume of its container
-molecules are far apart and move randomly
http://www.pbs.org/teachers/connect/resources/5946/preview/
Physical Properties of Matter
Characteristics of a substance of a substance as it exists that can be observed and measurable
-Two types of physics properties
Intrinsic
density, color, odor, hardness, boiling point, freezing point, states of matter, and melting point
Extrinsic
mass, volume, length, and dimension
Classify each as extrinsic or intrinsic
-Skin color Intrinsic
-Length of a snake Extrinsic
-Water freezes at zero degrees Celsius Intrinsic
-A beach ball takes up more space when it is blown up than deflated Extrinsic
-Two types of physics properties
Intrinsic
density, color, odor, hardness, boiling point, freezing point, states of matter, and melting point
Extrinsic
mass, volume, length, and dimension
Classify each as extrinsic or intrinsic
-Skin color Intrinsic
-Length of a snake Extrinsic
-Water freezes at zero degrees Celsius Intrinsic
-A beach ball takes up more space when it is blown up than deflated Extrinsic
Chemical Properties of Matter
It is the ability to form new substances under given condition
Ex: Octane + O2 + spark combustion + CO2 + H2O
--> Octane changes into CO2 and H2O after ignition
Ex: Octane + O2 + spark combustion + CO2 + H2O
--> Octane changes into CO2 and H2O after ignition
Classify Each of the Following as a Physical or Chemical Property
1. The bowling point of certain alcohol is 78 degrees Celsius Physical
2. Diamond is very hard Physical
3. Sugar ferments to form alcohol Chemical
4. A metal wire conducts an electric current Physical
2. Diamond is very hard Physical
3. Sugar ferments to form alcohol Chemical
4. A metal wire conducts an electric current Physical
Physical and Chemical Changes
Physical change
-a change that does not change the identity of a substance
Chemical change
-change that causes a substance to become a new substance or breaks it down into simpler parts
Identify the physical and chemical changes:
1. Iron metal is melted Physical
2. Iron combines with oxygen to form rust Chemical
3. Wood burns in air Chemical
4. A rock is shattered to small pieces Physical
http://quizlet.com/6741478/physical-v-chemical-changes-flash-cards/
-a change that does not change the identity of a substance
Chemical change
-change that causes a substance to become a new substance or breaks it down into simpler parts
Identify the physical and chemical changes:
1. Iron metal is melted Physical
2. Iron combines with oxygen to form rust Chemical
3. Wood burns in air Chemical
4. A rock is shattered to small pieces Physical
http://quizlet.com/6741478/physical-v-chemical-changes-flash-cards/
Conservation of Mass
Matter cannot be created or destroyed but it can be converted into a different form
Compounds
-A substance made of atoms of different elements bonded together to form a certain ratio
-One type of compound will always have the same combination of atoms
-Ex: CO2
-One type of compound will always have the same combination of atoms
-Ex: CO2
Mixtures and Pure Substances
![Picture](/uploads/1/3/3/7/13371936/4551381.jpeg)
Mixture
-materials that have variable composition and are not chemically bonded
-Ex: Air (as seen in picture)
Pure Substance
-materials that will always have the same composition
-Can be either elements or compounds
-Ex: CO2, H2O, C
-materials that have variable composition and are not chemically bonded
-Ex: Air (as seen in picture)
Pure Substance
-materials that will always have the same composition
-Can be either elements or compounds
-Ex: CO2, H2O, C
2 Types of Mixtures
Homogenous mixture
-same proportion throughout the material
Heterogenous mixture
-contains regions of different proportion
Identify each of the following as a homogenous or heterogenous mixture
1. Fruit salad Hetero
2. Octane Homo
3. A stream with gravel at the bottom Hetero
4. Air Homo
5. Copper metal copper metal
-same proportion throughout the material
Heterogenous mixture
-contains regions of different proportion
Identify each of the following as a homogenous or heterogenous mixture
1. Fruit salad Hetero
2. Octane Homo
3. A stream with gravel at the bottom Hetero
4. Air Homo
5. Copper metal copper metal
Separating Mixtures
Distillation
-uses the idea of heating solutions to separate the different liquids and some solids
Filtration
-separates liquid from solid
-a liquid passes through filter paper, but the particles are trapped
*note in both separation methods no chemical changes occurred
-uses the idea of heating solutions to separate the different liquids and some solids
Filtration
-separates liquid from solid
-a liquid passes through filter paper, but the particles are trapped
*note in both separation methods no chemical changes occurred
Accuracy, Precision, and Sensitivity
Accuracy
- how true the value is
Precision
- how close your measurements are
Sensitivity
-however many decimal places there are; more decimal places=higher sensitivity
- how true the value is
Precision
- how close your measurements are
Sensitivity
-however many decimal places there are; more decimal places=higher sensitivity